{"id":2346,"date":"2020-12-24T06:38:41","date_gmt":"2020-12-24T03:38:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kluchilib.ru\/?p=2346"},"modified":"2020-12-24T06:38:46","modified_gmt":"2020-12-24T03:38:46","slug":"%d0%bc%d0%b8%d1%80-%d0%ba%d0%b0%d0%ba-%d0%ba%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%81%d0%be%d1%82%d0%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/kluchilib.ru\/?p=2346","title":{"rendered":"\u041c\u0438\u0440 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0430"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u041a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00ab\u041c\u0438\u0440 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0430\u00bb<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e 200- \u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e \u0434\u043d\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u0424\u0435\u0442\u0430 (1820 \u2013 1892 \u0433\u0433.), \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u044c.<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u041b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0431\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442, \u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043a<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0425\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0418 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0438, \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0445\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0410.\u0424\u0435\u0442<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a:<\/strong><\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. \u041c\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0438\u043d \u0415.\u0410.<\/strong> \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0424\u0435\u0442: \u041a\u043d. \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f.- \u041c.: \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, 1989.- 159 \u0441.-(\u0411\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440. \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f).<\/li>\n
  2. \u0425\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/strong>. — \u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u041b.\u0410. \u0421\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0439.- \u041c.: \u00ab\u0420\u0418\u041f\u041e\u041b \u041a\u041b\u0410\u0421\u0421\u0418\u041a\u00bb, 2000. 768 \u0441.<\/li>\n
  3. \u0424\u0435\u0442 \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0439 <\/strong>\u0412\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0420\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f 1890 \u0433. \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u00ab\u041a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u00bb. \u0422.1. 1992 \u0433.- 464 \u0441.<\/li>\n
  4. \u0424\u0435\u0442 \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0439 <\/strong>\u0412\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0420\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f 1890 \u0433. \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u00ab\u041a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u00bb. \u0422.2. 1992 \u0433.- 408 \u0441.<\/li>\n
  5. \u0424\u0435\u0442 \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0439 <\/strong>\u0412\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0420\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f 1890 \u0433. \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u00ab\u041a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u00bb. \u0422.3. 1992 \u0433.- 560 \u0441.<\/li>\n
  6. \u0424\u0435\u0442 \u0410.\u0410<\/strong>. \u0421\u0442\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\/ \u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442., \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f. \u0441\u0442., \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c. \u0410. \u0422\u0430\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430.- \u041c.: \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430, 1983.-304 \u0441.<\/li>\n
  7. \u0424\u0435\u0442 \u0410.<\/strong> \u0421\u0442\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u043c\u044b\/ \u0412\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f. \u0441\u0442., \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442. \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0447. \u0411.\u042f. \u0411\u0443\u0445\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0430. — \u041b.: \u0421\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c, 1986. — 752 \u0441., 8 \u0438\u043b., 1 \u043b. \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0440. — (\u0411-\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u0430. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f).<\/li>\n
  8. \u0424\u0435\u0442 \u0410.\u0410<\/strong>. \u0421\u0442\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\/ \u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442., \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f. \u0441\u0442., \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c. \u0412. \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430.- \u041c.: \u0421\u043e\u0432. \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f, 1979.-368 \u0441.<\/li>\n
  9. \u0424\u0435\u0442 \u0410.\u0410. <\/strong>\u0421\u0442\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0430. \u041f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430\/ \u0412\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f. \u0441\u0442. \u0410.\u0415. \u0422\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430; \u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442. \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0447. \u0413.\u0414. \u0410\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u041d.\u0413. \u041e\u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0410.\u0415. \u0422\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430. \u2013 \u041c.: \u0421\u043e\u0432. \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f, 1988.- 464 \u0441., 1\u043b. \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0440.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u041a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u00ab\u041c\u0438\u0440 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0430\u00bb \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e 200- \u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e \u0434\u043d\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2346","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/kluchilib.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2346","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/kluchilib.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/kluchilib.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kluchilib.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kluchilib.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2346"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/kluchilib.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2346\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2351,"href":"http:\/\/kluchilib.ru\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2346\/revisions\/2351"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/kluchilib.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2346"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kluchilib.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2346"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/kluchilib.ru\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2346"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}